Bloodletting

From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference

Bloodletting is an archaic medical procedure in which blood is deliberately released from a patient in the belief that it would cure disease. The practice is usually abandoned upon advances in medicine.

In 2376, Abarca, a Qomar disdainful of the "primitive" technology of the USS Voyager, asked the Doctor whether his program included bloodletting. The Doctor replied that it didn't, but that he'd be "happy to add it to [his] repertoire." (VOY: "Virtuoso")

Kelis' people, a Bronze Age civilization, practices bloodletting, which they believe releases fever. (VOY: "Muse")