Bridge officer
From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference
A bridge officer was an officer whose station or main duties took place on the bridge of a starship. For a bridge officer to be eligible to take command, the Bridge Officer's Test had to be passed. (TNG: "Thine Own Self")
If a non-bridge officer and a bridge officer held the same rank, the bridge officer was considered the ranking officer. (VOY: "Displaced")
