Charles Darwin
From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference
Charles Darwin (1809-1882) was a Human scientist who originated Earth's understanding of evolution during his study of natural biology. His work studying the naturally-occurring lifeforms on the Galápagos Islands was considered to strongly support theories dealing with natural selection.
His work was mentioned in a exobiology textbook read by Elizabeth Cutler in 2151, regarding evolutions of termites observed on the planet Loracus Prime. (ENT: "Strange New World")
In a scene cut from the final version of Star Trek Nemesis, Jean-Luc Picard noted that Darwin sailed aboard HMS Beagle without a single musket.
