From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference.
A
neurolytic emitter is a
medical device utilized by
Ramuran tracers to erase the
memories of those captured after attempting to leave their
homeworld of
Ramura. The emitters are used to eliminate all their experiences with the outside world, thus easing their reintegration into Ramuran society. The effects of the emitter are irreversible.
Curneth used a neurolytic emitter on Kellin after she attempted to seek asylum on the USS Voyager in 2374. Afterwards, she could not fathom that she wanted to leave Ramura in the first place. (VOY: "Unforgettable")