Temporal wake

From Memory Alpha, the free Star Trek reference

A temporal wake is an energetic phenomenon created as a byproduct of a temporal vortex that insulates anything caught inside the wake from a change or alteration of the timeline.

In 2373, a Borg cube attacking Earth released a Borg sphere, which created a temporal vortex leading to 2063. The USS Enterprise-E, however, was caught in the vortex's wake, and was able to follow the sphere through time and prevent the assimilation of Humanity. (Star Trek: First Contact)