Neural shock was a medical condition that occurred when someone's neural pathways suffered a shock.
In 2368, Captain Jean-Luc Picard went into neural shock when Beverly Crusher tried to revive him with a cortical stimulator following his exposure to the Kataan probe. (TNG: "The Inner Light")
In 2369, Geordi La Forge almost died of neural shock after being attacked by an alien who had assumed the body of a Romulan. (TNG: "Timescape")
In 2370, Deanna Troi claimed Picard had gone into neural shock after a jolt from a Borg force field. This was a ruse. (TNG: "Descent, Part II")
Later that year, La Forge went into neural shock after touching an alien in the form of his mother, activating a cut-off in his interface suit. (TNG: "Interface")
In 2371, Jadzia Dax fell into neural shock upon seeing a picture of her unknown host, Joran Belar. (DS9: "Equilibrium")
In 2374, Seven of Nine went into neural shock after a Borg implant pressed against her trochlear nerve. (VOY: "The Gift")
In 2376, Lansor, P'Chan, and Marika Wilkarah all went into neural shock after Seven's neural interface was abruptly severed from theirs and overloaded their cortical implants. (VOY: "Survival Instinct")
In 2377, Seven's cortical node shutting down caused her to enter neural shock on the holodeck. (VOY: "Human Error")